A man, standing out from the animal world, at the beginning of historical development led a nomadic lifestyle. In search of food, small human groups traveled long distances. Over time, under favorable conditions, people began to move to a sedentary lifestyle. In the Neolithic era there was a clear division into nomadic peoples engaged in cattle breeding and settled, whose agriculture became the main occupation. In the modern world, nomads are entire nations that lead a nomadic lifestyle or live in historically established nomadic cultures.
List of modern nomadic peoples of the world:
1
Australian Aborigines
Linguistically and racially, the indigenous people of Australia are isolated from the rest of the world. They are sometimes called "Australian Bushmen."
The main occupations are hunting and gathering, which led to a nomadic lifestyle. Before the Europeans came to the continent, the natives were united in more than 500 tribal groups who spoke 250 languages.
Traditional types of farming today have lost their significance, but the indigenous inhabitants of the Green Continent have preserved religion, worldviews and cultural traditions.
2
Gypsies
The largest ethnic minority in Europe. The Indian nation does not have its own state, but has settled throughout the globe.
Part has long been sedentary, and part, keeping the tradition, wanders from one place to another. All Gypsies have retained their national identity, and they call themselves “Roma”. In 1971, the first international Roma Congress was held in the capital of England, at which state symbols were adopted.
The blue-green flag depicts a red wheel as a symbol of nomadism. Despite numerous persecutions, the gypsies managed to preserve traditions, language, their own special culture.
By the way, photos of the most famous and beautiful gypsies you can see on our website.
3
Bedouins
Our list of nomadic peoples is continued by desert inhabitants. This is how the word “Bedouin” is translated from Arabic, unlike the Turkic nomads of North and Central Asia.
This is the collective name of the peoples of the Arab world who lead a nomadic lifestyle. Europeans, regardless of nationality and religious preferences, call the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula.
From Arabia settled on the territory of the Middle East, part migrated to the Sahara. All Bedouins are divided into large Hamuls and tribes, and they are ruled by a sheikh.
4
Masai
One of the most famous tribes of East Africa, settled in northern Tanzania and southern Kenya. Semi-nomadic people are engaged in hunting and gathering. Masai have preserved their historical way of life.
Masai life is strictly regulated since early childhood. The whole community is divided into age groups, and the transition from one to another is carried out with strict observance of rituals. Kenyan savannahs have become a place of life and hunting for almost a million people.
Thanks to the media, numerous documentaries and feature films, the Masai have become a symbol of the traditional way of life of African tribes.
5
Kazakhs
From ancient times, the Kazakh steppes were inhabited by numerous Turkic-speaking peoples, which Herodotus described in his writings. All of them played a role in the ethnogenesis of modern Kazakhs.
Initially, the Kazakhs were a Turkic-speaking nomadic people, and after becoming part of the Russian Empire, they began to switch to a settled way of farming. But even now a part of the population that is engaged in nomadic cattle breeding remains on the territory of Kazakhstan. In ancient times, the Kazakhs were closely associated with the nomadic peoples of the Southern Urals.
Kazakh nomads live in traditional yurts and overtake large herds along seasonal pastures. A large group of Kazakhs live in neighboring countries and territories of Kazakhstan.
It is not difficult to guess that nomads should have healthy legs. After all, they have to overcome great distances. Both nomads and people with an inactive lifestyle often have various problems with their leg health. Unfortunately, the nomads do not have an “Academy of Healthy Legs", where everyone can improve their health and aesthetic beauty.
6
Tibetans
The inhabitants of the mountainous regions of Tibet profess Buddhism, and according to occupation they are divided into three large groups. Among them are nomadic herders.
Nomads breed yaks, horses, goats, sheep. They act as guides on mountain trails, and animals are used as draft power and luggage transportation. In addition, the Tibetans have preserved traditional crafts. Craftsmen make magnificent pottery, masterfully master the art of casting.
They preserved historical traditions and rituals. The whole world knows about Tibetan medicine men who use traditional folk medicine to treat diseases.
7
Mongols
A group of nationalities interconnected by a common language, history and culture. Today there are about 10 million of them, and they settled not only in Mongolia, but also in China, in the Russian Altai, in Buryatia, part of Siberia.
Some of the Mongols continue to lead a nomadic life, preserving centuries-old traditions, culture, lifestyle, religious beliefs. These are real cattle breeders, excellent job with huge herds of livestock.
Mongolian nomads traditionally live in yurts, and horses are used as vehicles. The steppe ethnic group perfectly adapted to the natural conditions of Asia, retaining all the signs of a nomadic people.
8
Tuvans
The ancient Turkic people mentioned in Chinese documents of the 5th – 6th centuries. Now populate the subject of the Russian Federation - the Republic of Tuva.
Later, in the Russian documents, the self-name of Tuvans began to appear. So the Sayan tribes began to call themselves, and their ancestors were telengirs, tubo tribes, Tatars. Now their number is approximately 300 thousand people. Tuvans have preserved their native language, customs, culture, as well as traditional crafts. The editors of most-beauty.ru highly recommend you to visit this beautiful republic.
On holidays, Tuvans wear a traditional nomad costume, and the most popular entertainment is the national wrestling Khuresh and horse racing. Traditional dwellings have been preserved in some places.
9
Bashkirs
Several ethnic nomads took part in the ethnogenesis of the Bashkirs, from whom they adopted the nomadic way of life. Part of the Bashkir population continues to traditionally engage in nomadic cattle breeding.
Even before the formation of the Golden Horde state, the Bashkirs clashed with the troops of Genghis Khan. The war lasted a long 14 years and the Bashkirs joined the ranks of the Mongols. In 1391, part of the Bashkirs fought against Russia as part of the troops of Khan Tokhtamysh.
During the time of Ivan the Terrible, the Bashkir nomadic tribal tribes agreed to join the Moscow state on an equal footing with the Russian Tsar.
10
Pygmies
In the photo: Dwellings of the Pygmies.
Translated from Greek, the name of this Central African tribe means "people the size of a fist." Indeed, these are representatives of the undersized Negroid population, who settled in the equatorial forests of the African continent.
The study of amazing nationality began only at the beginning of the twentieth century, and still science makes new discoveries. The forest is their home, and therefore the main activities of the pygmies are hunting and gathering. The forest gives them food, clothing, and deep in the forests are their sites.
These tribes lost their native language, and therefore communicate in the languages of neighboring nationalities. But they managed to preserve some national traditions and culture.
11
Hunters and reindeer herders of Eastern Siberia and the Far North
The indigenous peoples of the taiga forests of Siberia traditionally lead a nomadic lifestyle. The main type of economy are hunting and breeding deer.
In search of the beast, hunters overcome great distances. Reindeer husbandry also means frequent pasture changes. Such semi-nomadic peoples include Evenks, Nenets, Yukagirs, Yakuts. All of them belong to the small nationalities of Russia, but managed to preserve the national culture, language, rites and traditions.
With the entry of these lands into Russia, reindeer husbandry has become an important component of the national economy.
12
Kalmyks
In the photo: Yurts of Kyrgyzstan.
The ancient ancestors of the Kalmyks were Oirat tribes, nomadic in the territory of modern Kazakhstan, Eastern Siberia, Dzungaria. Gradually populating Kalmykia, a special ethnic group was formed.
Their closest relatives are the Kyrgyz. In Kyrgyzstan, there still lives a group of Oirat origin, called itself “Sart Kalmyks”.
Since ancient centuries, Kalmyks were engaged in nomadic cattle breeding, they could perfectly make weapons, they were wonderful riders. Tengri, the sky god, was traditionally worshiped, some adopted Buddhism, and Kalmyks partially adopted Christianity as part of Russia.
Summarize
In history, many nomadic ethnic groups, nationalities, groups have developed. Cimmerians, Scythians, Sarmatians belonged to nomadic peoples. In the era of the great migration of peoples from Asia to the European expanses were the Huns, Avars. The Avar invasion, for example, is the first invasion of nomadic peoples by the Slavs. Late nomads in Eurasia include Torquay, Pechenegs, and Polovtsy.
Relations between Russia and the nomads of the Great Steppe have always been of a different nature: from peaceful coexistence to bloody military clashes. Summing up, we note that modern nomadic peoples constantly or seasonally change their place of residence, adhering to historically established traditions. The editors of most-beauty.ru will be very grateful if you leave a few comments in your comments about the nomadic peoples of the planet.