Our country occupies a huge area, located on the eastern and western parts of Eurasia. Due to the fact that the territory of Russia is huge, the climatic conditions here are also different. We have Arctic deserts, and taiga, and tundra, and steppes, and broad-leaved or mixed forests, as well as deserts, semi-deserts. Accordingly, the plant world is also very diverse.
Among the trees, spruces and pines are most common, and there are also many birches and aspen trees. The tallest trees in Russia are not champions in length, but, nevertheless, impress with their size.
In Siberia and in the north of our country, the forest area has remained almost untouchable, in no country there are so many forests, rivers and other natural resources. Russia is unique, beautiful, inimitable, and unique trees grow on its territory.
List
- 10. Siberian cedar, up to 30 m
- 9. Rock oak, up to 40 m
- 8. European linden, up to 40 m
- 7. Fir whole leaf, up to 55 m
- 6. Eucalyptus, up to 40 m
- 5. European larch, up to 50 m
- 4. Eastern beech, up to 60 m
- 3. European spruce, up to 60 m
- 2. Pine ordinary, up to 60 m
- 1. Caucasian Fir (Nordmann Fir), up to 70 m
10. Siberian cedar, up to 30 m
Siberian cedar can live 500 years, according to other sources, up to 850 years. Some specimens grow to 35-44 m in length, and their trunk diameter reaches 2 m. But usually this evergreen tree does not exceed 20-25 m in height, it has a dense crown and thick branches. The trunk of the tree is straight, even, grayish in color, the needles are dark green, its length is from 5 to 14 cm. It grows very slowly, the growing season is about 45 days.
Siberian cedar is valued for its nuts; from one tree they are harvested up to 12 kg. He begins to bear fruit only after 60 years, a plentiful crop can be harvested every 3-10 years.
These trees grow in large quantities in Western Siberia, they are found in Eastern Siberia. Sometimes these are pure forests, which are called cedars, or mixed, where other conifers grow.
9. Rock oak, up to 40 m
Rock Oak - deciduous tree with a powerful hipped crown. It grows up to 20-30 m in height, sometimes reaches 40 m. Distributed throughout Europe, the Caucasus, West Asia, and Crimea.
It is a symbol of Wales, so it is also called Welsh Oak. It forms real forests, most often on the slopes of mountains, and is one of the main species of the North Caucasus. It has a huge root system, which can go up to 38 m deep if it grows on forest soil.
8. European linden, up to 40 m
A deciduous tree with a hipped crown is one of the champions by age. These trees survive to 1100-1250 years. Rare specimens that are 500 or more than 800 years old are still preserved. Reaches up to 40 m in height.
European linden found throughout Europe, grows in deciduous or mixed forests. It is valued as one of the most melliferous types of lindens. Previously, this plant was planted throughout the USSR, with the exception of the far north.
7. Fir whole leaf, up to 55 m
It is considered the largest coniferous tree in the Far East, grows up to 45-55 m in length, the trunk diameter delivers up to 2 m. whole-leaf fir thick and wide crown. The needles are stiff, grows up to 20-45 mm in length and 2-3 mm in width.
This tree is distributed in the south of Primorsky Krai, in the Far East, besides it can be seen in China and Korea. Once in Primorye there were huge forests of whole-leaf fir, but they almost completely disappeared due to fires and constant logging. Now the tree grows only in the protected area, in other places it is almost destroyed.
In the forests of the Far East, the most common trees are 30-37 m long, from 200 to 250 years old, although they can live up to 300-400, up to 500 years. Individual specimens have been growing in the Botanical Garden of BIN since 1936, the largest trees have grown to 17 m. In the Main Botanical Garden of Moscow, it has been grown since 1954, at 30 their height reached 8 m.
6. Eucalyptus, up to 40 m
Eucalyptus trees - evergreen trees, up to 100 m high. Gum secretions, which are called cinema, often appear on the trunk. Distributed in Australia, in Tasmania and New Zealand, where it forms forests. But he is bred in other countries as well. it can drain wetlands, and also disinfect the air.
Eucalyptus can now be found in many countries, including ours, on the southern coast of Crimea. For the first time in Russia, S.Yu. landed them. Sokolov to cope with malaria. In the spring of 1950, about 700 seedlings were planted with Sochi arboretum. But after the harsh winter of 1963, about 20 trees survived, they were able to adapt.
These trees grow very fast. By the end of the first year, they reach a length of up to 2 m, by 3 years reach 6-8 m, sometimes 10, by 10 years reach 20-25 m. In the first 10-15 years, eucalyptus grows very quickly, but then the growth decreases.
5. European larch, up to 50 m
Distributed in mixed and coniferous forests of Central and Western Europe. This is a photophilous plant, does not tolerate wetlands, but is not demanding on the soil.
European larch It lives up to 500 years, it can reach up to 50 m in height, but more often there are trees up to 30 or 40 m, with a trunk diameter of 80-100 cm. It has solid, resinous wood that resists decay, therefore it is often used as a building material for water facilities.
4. Eastern beech, up to 60 m
The tree grows on the Black Sea coast, forms vast forests. Enough shade-tolerant, so it feels fine under the forest canopy. It grows very slowly, especially in the first 30 years, but lives up to 500 years.
About a quarter of the forests of the Caucasus oriental beech, which in shaded, well-moistened areas grows particularly strongly. He is demanding of air humidity, soil, loves heat. Usually the height of this tree is up to 50 m, it has a powerful and dense crown, a columnar trunk.
Of beech wood, furniture and parquet were often made. At the end of September, nuts ripen, which crumble in October. They contain protein substances, 30-50% consist of oil. Nuts are eaten both fresh and slightly toasted.
3. European spruce, up to 60 m
In the north-east of Europe, you can find solid forests that consist of ate ordinary. A different species is spread east of the Volga, Siberian spruce. The tree is demanding on soil fertility, cannot grow in wetlands, but it is quite hardy and drought-resistant, however, it can suffer from spring frosts. On average, it lives about 120-150 years, but sometimes it lives up to 250-300, the oldest known tree lasted 468 years.
This evergreen plant reaches 30 m in length, but sometimes grows up to 60 m. Its crown is similar to a cone, a bark of gray color. Seeds appear at the age of 20 to 60 years, not annually, but once every 4-5 years. Wood ate european soft, it has a lot of cellulose, so it is used for paper production. A tree is planted to create snow fences, landscaping the city
2. Pine ordinary, up to 60 m
Distributed in Europe and Asia. Most often it’s 25-40 m high, but the tallest trees that grow on the Baltic coast reach a height of 45-50 m or more.
At common pine straight trunk, high crown. You can meet this tree throughout Eurasia, it often grows next to oak, spruce, aspen and birch trees.
It is undemanding to the soil, can grow where other trees do not survive, for example, in the sands and swamps. Photophilous culture, quickly resumes after fires.
1. Caucasian Fir (Nordmann Fir), up to 70 m
It was named after the professor of botany, Alexander von Nordmann, who was once the head of the Odessa Botanical Garden. Caucasian Fir widespread in the Black Sea, i.e. in Abkhazia, Georgia, Turkey, and here in the Caucasus. She needs warmth, fertile soil and moist air. She is shady, shade-tolerant. It grows to 50-60 m or more, the trunk diameter is -1.5-2 m.
The first 8-10 years it grows slowly, but then it grows fast, lives up to 500 years, begins to bear fruit in 30-40 years, in plants - after 70. In Europe, it is often used as a Christmas tree, because she has very magnificent and dense needles. In St. Petersburg, it did not take root, it grows poorly, in Moscow it froze.